![]() This is an important aspect of the proposed work as, unlike previously reported research works, it equally prioritizes both voltage regulation and optimal operation. Self rearranging and event based reconfiguration of graphs are also incorporated for obtaining feasible solution to the economic dispatch problem. The generation costs associated with the distributed energy resources (DERs) are optimised globally by observer based controllers in a multi-layered hierarchical control structure, equipped with privacy-preserving feature. Also, the method’s scalability is validated on a practical Indian distribution network and a 141-bus distribution network of metropolitan area of Caracas with distributed PV installations on various nodes.Ībstract: This paper presents a new distributed and reconfigurable strategy for global economical consensus operation of multiple, interconnected direct current (DC) microgrid clusters in a leader-follower graph architecture. The method is validated on a standard 33-bus radial distribution network for the allocation of distributed lithium-ion batteries. ![]() Furthermore, the uncertainty and variability of PV and demand are taken into account through probabilistic analysis and time-period clustering. The lifetime of the battery based on the partial depth of discharge is analyzed in the second stage. A two-stage mixed-integer linear programming problem is formulated that determines the capacity and the number of discharge cycles of the batteries in the first stage. This article describes an exhaustive storage integration method, deeming the life cycle of the battery energy storage, the uncertainty of load and PV output, and the islanded mode of operation of the system. This further calls for the optimal planning of energy storage systems, satisfying all the operational and economic constraints. Various other case studies illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.Ībstract: The modern active distribution systems necessitate integrating storage systems, thereby facilitating the large-scale proliferation of photovoltaic (PV) energy resources. The results show that this modular scheme provides superior solutions with an almost 75% reduction in time than the conventional co-optimization method. The proposed scheme is tested on the modified IEEE 123-node test feeder with extensive EV and PV penetrations. Further, Voltage Regulators (VRs) are set to achieve loss and unbalance reduction with minimal tap operations. Subsequently, deploying suitable indices, cyclic NR-DR assignments are performed to find near-optimal topologies and load schedules concerning the minimum loss, peak load, and unbalances. ![]() At the outset, all constraint-violating configurations are eliminated using a graph-theory-based edge traversal search developed from the classic Knuth’s Algorithm-S. This paper presents a stochastic optimization formulation that slices the problem, solves the sub-problems separately, and splices them back to find optimal solutions efficiently. However, simultaneous handling of these strategies is computationally complex and challenging. Abstract: Integrated control strategies with Network Reconfiguration (NR), Demand Response (DR), and voltage control can reduce peak demand, energy loss, and system-wide unbalances in modern three-phase active Electric Distribution Networks (EDNs).
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